Single-Side Double-Inclined-Surface Disc-Type Brake

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a disc-type brake which can use the energy of a transport machine during its traveling to brake, has a huge self-energizing action and is used for a motorcycle, a car, a truck, a train and an elevator. The brake has a very small control force (power), is simple and reliable and has a small volume. The brake is very easily designed as an electrically controlled disc-type brake system (EMB), the power and volume of an electrically controlled motor of the brake can be several times-more than a dozen of times less than that of an electrically controlled motor in the prior art, after its promotion, the brake can greatly improve the safety of the car and the motorcycle. The brake can reduce many parts, components and mechanisms and save much cost and bring us tremendous social and economic benefits and is a landmark brake.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a disc-type brake in the fields of traffic and transport machinery, such as a car, a motorcycle, a train, and an elevator.

BACKGROUND

A self-energizing disc-type brake of Patent No. 201110291009.9 of the present application discloses a brake, the brake solves the problem that the disc-type brake cannot be self-energized, it particularly solve the big problem that the self-energizing disc-type brake is not easily controlled, it also solves the problem of the small self-energizing range of the self-energizing ratio (generally, it is only 1-4) of the brake, its self-energizing ratio (Efficiency Factor) can be one times-dozens of times or even more. This greatly expands the use range of the disc-type brake. However, the inclined surface shall be arranged at two sides of the brake disc, thereby causing the disadvantages of bigger volume, a more complex structure and too many sealing parts.

The disc-type brake on the car greatly improves the safety of the car. However, the disc-type brake has the disadvantages of the small braking force (low efficiency factor) and no self-energizing. It requires power assistance (a vacuum booster for a gasoline car) to brake the car, and is difficult to arrange a parking brake and an emergency brake. It has high cost, after an engine is fired off, its braking force is very small, particularly after the car has an accident flameout, the car cannot substantially be braked, as its hydraulic drive has a lag security risk, security cannot be fully guaranteed. Therefore, in order to ensure that the car has a big enough braking force at any time, the idle speed of the engine shall be adjusted to be relatively high, as the vacuum booster needs bigger vacuum to produce an assistant force, the car needs more fuel when the driver waits for traffic lights and during traffic jams, which is not good for economy and environment. In addition, when the brake is used in a diesel car, a double energy car and an electrical car, as it needs to be provided additionally a vacuum pump, its cost will be increased significantly. The common disc-type brake in the prior art has relatively high cost when the parking brake is provided.

In order that the disc-type brake can also be self-energized, people have carried out a lot of exploration. “Brake Technology Handbook” (Germany, B. Breuilh K. Bill, Machinery Industry Press, published in June, 2011, ISBN 978-7-111-34916-7, Page 359-Page 363) disclosed two electrically controlled disc-type brakes which are under experiment and promising, a single inclined-surface energizing (wedge energizing) method is adopted, the engine is braked with a transmission mechanism under the control of CPU (a computer), until now, it cannot basically be controlled and considered to be hardly controlled. Additionally, as the engine has too big power and volume, the power in the car cannot basically meet requirements, and the engine cannot be mounted in a wheel, meanwhile, the cost is too high.

The invention provides a series solutions related to a high self-energizing disc-type brake aiming at solving the following problems: as the common disc-type brake has low efficiency factor, a power booster shall be used, the control force (power) is large and the brake hence is not easily controlled; the parking brake shall be provided, which causes high cost, the security is not high enough, the cost is too high, the idle speed of the engine is relatively high, it also cause other economic, environment protection and security problems. It also solves the problem that the self-energizing of the disc-type brake in the prior art cannot be easily controlled; it can also compensate the deformation of a machine body (a clamp body) of the brake produced when the braking is carried out, to reduce an operation stroke and increase the energizing ratio of the brake. When the braking force of a single-side double-inclined-surface disc-type brake is the same as that of the disc-type brake in the prior art, and their operation strokes are also the same, the operation force (the control force and a control power) of the brake of the invention can be several times-dozens of times less than that of the brake in the prior art, furthermore, the force therebetween is in linear relation. Therefore, the brake of the invention can be very conveniently controlled. For example, an electrical servo mechanism (e.g. the motor) or the like is used to carry out electrical control to realize EMB. However, the motor of the disc-type brake which carries out electrical control (EMB) has very big power, big volume and huge electric energy consumption, thereby affecting its use and promotion. The disc-type brake can directly carry out electrical control, and ABS, ASR, ESP, EBV, ECD and HDC are directly controlled by CPU (computer). Therefore, it can save a lot of hydraulic and mechanical mechanisms, save cost, improve reliability, reduce hysteresis and improve security. It also solves the problems of the self-energizing disc-type brake (patent number: 201110291009.9), for example, the inclined surfaces need to be arranged at the two sides of the brake disc, the structure is relatively complex, the stiffness of a jaw is not high, too many parts needs to be sealed, the sealing problem is more complex.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A brake sheet (also known as a brake shoe), a brake disc, a slide pin and a fixing bracket of a single-side double-inclined-surface disc-type brake of the invention are the same as those of the common disc-type brake in the prior art. The brake of the invention consists of a part and a component which consist of a machine body (also known as a clamp body), a control device, an automatic compensation mechanism (may not be provided), an energizing inclined board, a control inclined board and a compensation board. The machine body mainly consists of the clamp body, a clamp bridge and a clamp jaw.

Two brake shoes are mounted at the two sides of the brake disc, one brake shoe is connected against the clamp jaw of the machine body, which is the same as that of the common disc-type brake. The other brake shoe is mounted on a self-energizing inclined surface; the self-energizing inclined surface is, with an inclined surface, connected against one inclined surface of the control inclined surface, they are also called as an energizing working inclined surface, the self-energizing inclined board is driven by the control inclined board; the control inclined board is, with the incline surface of one inclination angle which is bigger than the self-energizing working surface, connected against the inclined surface of the machine body or the inclined surface of the compensation inclined board, they are also called as a control working inclined surface, the inclination directions of the two inclined surfaces are the same; the control inclined board is also connected against or connected with a retaining device; the retaining device can consist of a structure, a mechanism, a device, a part and a component which have high mechanical efficiency during their forward transmission while have low efficiency during their backward transmission, that is, the efficiency is high when the control device transmits motion and forces to the control inclined board and the energizing inclined board while the efficiency is low when the control inclined board transmits the forces backwards to the control device, therefore, the reverse force stressed on the control device is small, the retaining device preferably consists of a mechanism, a structure, a part, and a component which consist of a thread, a cam, the inclined surface, a turbine and a vortex rod and a rod system; the retaining device can be one group and can also be a plurality of groups which are connected in series; the retaining device is connected with the control device and driven by the control device. The control device can be electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, manpower and so on. The control device can consist of a handle, a hydraulic system, a motor, a pneumatic system and an electrical system.

The directions of the inclined surfaces of the control inclined board and the energizing inclined board are the same as the rotation direction of the brake disc. The direction is from a big end to a small end. The control inclined board is also connected with and driven by a retaining device. The force of the control inclined board stressed on the control device (the mechanism) via the retaining device is very small, thus realizing the self-energizing. The working inclined surface of the above parts which is connected against can be one single inclined surface, can consist of several sections of the inclined surfaces, can also be a curved surface or several curved surfaces, or can consist of the inclined surface and the curved surface. A rolling body, preferably a rolling needle, a cylindrical roller or a steel ball, can be mounted between the inclined surfaces against which the above parts are connected. a steel wire rope of a parking brake can also be coupled on the energizing inclined board or the control inclined board to form a parking brake. The coupling ways of other parts such as the machine body, the bracket and other brake shoe are substantially the same as those of the common disc-type brake.

Generally, when the working angles of the curved surface and the inclined surface are big, the energizing is relatively small and the separation is easy, the dragging resistance is relatively small after separation. When the working angles of the curved surface and the inclined surface are small, the energizing is relatively big, the lagging resistance after the separation is very big. The working angle of the energizing inclined board is smaller than that of the control inclined board, when the difference of the angles is relatively big, especially after the retaining device is provided, its force backwards stressed on the control device is relatively small, thereby producing unexpected effect, at this time, it has big energizing effect when the inclined surface has the small angle, and the advantages of sound separation with the big angle and the small dragging resistance after the braking is released. It combines the advantages of two angles when the brake is working but does not have the disadvantages of the two angels when the brake is working, that is the reason why the disc-type brake is the most magical.

The energizing inclined board, the control inclined board and a main working curved surface connected against a part and a component can consist of the inclined surface, an arc surface, a hyperbolic surface and a parabolic surface, can also consist of several sections of the curved surfaces, can also consist of the above curved surfaces which are combined, and can also consist of the curved surface designed according to requirements. The rolling body, preferably the rolling needle, the cylindrical roller or the steel ball, can be mounted between the connecting positions of the inclined board, the control inclined board and the main working curved surface connected against the part.

The invention solves the problem that the inclined surface (wedge energizing) used at home and abroad is difficult to control the energizing of the disc-type brake. Furthermore, the brake has a simple structure. When an energizing inclined board and a control inclined board are used, the brake produces an unexpected effect, this disc-type brake has the big energizing effect when the inclined surface has the small angle, and the advantages of sound separation with the big angle and the small dragging resistance after the braking is released. Furthermore, the relation between the braking force and the control force is basically linear. Therefore, the brake, which is hardly controlled by the technicians in advanced countries, can be conveniently controlled, it combines the advantages of two angles when the brake is working but does not have the disadvantages of the two angels when the brake is working, that is the reason why the disc-type brake is the most magical.

A single-side double-inclined-surface disc-type brake is a disc-type brake, has the sound performance of the common disc-type brake in the prior art but does not have the disadvantages of heat recession and water recession. As the brake has a high self-energizing capacity and the advantages of a drum-type brake, its energizing effect can be much higher than that of the drum-type brake, and it can be self-energized by one times-dozens of times (efficiency factor). It does not have the problems of the common disc-type brake, for example, the braking force is small (low efficiency factor), a power booster (for a car) is needed, a parking braking is difficult to be arranged thereon, the security is hence not high enough and the cost is thus high. Furthermore, if the parking is arranged thereon, it does not increase the cost, thus saving much cost, particularly a diesel car, a new energy car (for example, an electric and dual-fuel car), which use the brake of the invention, can save more than 30% of cost than that of a brake system in the prior art. A power boosting system is not used on the car, an engine does not needed to provide enough vacuum to the power boosting system, the idle rotation speed of the engine is only used to maintain its normal rotation, therefore, the idle rotation speed can be reduced greatly, much fuel and money can be saved particularly during traffic jam and at traffic lights, thus saving energy and reducing pollution. It does not use the power boosting system, thereby reducing the chance of a failure and greatly improving security. Particularly, it has very high self-energizing, is very easily controlled, and is easily taken as an electrically controlled disc-type brake system (EMB). It can hence save a lot of hydraulic mechanisms, mechanical mechanisms and electronic control mechanisms, and is directly controlled by CPU (a computer) of a car. Therefore, it has the advantages of a simple structure, a low cost and a fast braking response, thereby greatly improving the security of the brake system. This is exactly the difficult problem which the automotive circle eagerly want to but fail to resolve. It can also compensate the deformation of a machine body (a clamp body) of the brake produced when the braking is carried out, to reduce an operation stroke and increase the energizing ratio of the brake. Therefore, a control force is reduced and a braking force is increased. As the brake can produce very much positive pressure, the requirement for a brake shoe can be lowed greatly, particularly as its friction factor (coefficient of friction) can be reduced from 0.4 to 0.05, its selection range can be expanded by many times, and a material of the brake shoe can hence be very easily selected. Therefore, the brake of the invention is a new generation of a brake which combines the advantages of the common disc-type brake and the drum-type brake and has better performance, security, cost, energy-saving and environment protection.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross section view of a floating-clamp-body-type single-side double-inclined-surface disc-type brake for a car and an electric car. The brake has two retaining structures, one is an inclined surface, and the other is a thread so that the brake has a very high energizing ratio (a high efficiency factor). In FIG. 1, the rotation direction of a brake disc is the direction marked by V (the same in the followings).

FIG. 2 is a cross section diagram of a floating-clamp-body-type double-inclined-surface disc-type brake driven and controlled by an electromagnet. The brake uses three retaining devices connected in series so that the power (that is, a control force) of the electromagnet can be very low. An automatic compensation device of the brake is the same as that of a pneumatic disc-type brake of a truck and a passenger bus.

FIG. 3 is a cross section diagram of a single-side double-inclined-surface motorcycle disc-type brake. The brake is driven by a handle controlled by a man.

FIG. 4 is another diagram of the single-side double-inclined-surface motorcycle disc-type brake of FIG. 3, the brake does not use an automatic compensation mechanism. After the brake has been used for a long time and a brake shoe is worn out, the compensation is carried out by a screw (15) by a man. The brake is controlled and braked by a handle pulling a steel wire rope (27). The brake is a motorcycle single-side double-inclined-surface disc-type brake which is better than the brake of FIG. 5. The brake is simpler and has a better sealing performance.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of a motorcycle self-energizing disc-type brake which is experimented. Inclined surfaces are provided at the two sides of the brake, one is an energizing surface, and the other is a control inclined surface, the automatic compensation device is not needed. A test demonstrates that the brake can be self-energized, the control force of a hand is proportioned to a braking force, the smaller the control force is, the smaller the braking force is, the brake releases the braking after the hand releases the braking, without hysteresis. The brake is the most advanced disc-type brake. Compared with a motorcycle hydraulic disc-type brake, the brake of the invention has the advantages of a simple structure, low cost, high reliability and long service life.

FIG. 6 is another diagram of a motorcycle self-energizing disc-type brake which is experimented in FIG. 5.

The parts represented by reference numbers in figures are as follows: 1: Machine Body; 2: Brake Shoe; 3: Brake Disc; 4: Bracket 5: Energizing Inclined Board; 6: Parking Braking Pulling-Rope Hook; 7: Control Inclined Board; 8: Compensation Board; 9: Self-Compensation Clamping Bolt; 10: Friction Limiting Shaft; 11: Torsional Spring; 12: Key; 13: Motor; 14: Inclined Surface Shaft; 15: Compensation Screw; 16: Return Spring; 17: Steel Ball; 18: Control Working Inclined Surface; 19: Energizing Working Inclined Surface 20: Inclined Surface; 21: electromagnet; 22: limiting overrunning clutch; 23: rod; 24: inclined groove rod; 25: pin; 26: roller; 27: steel wire rope.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 is a cross section diagram of a floating-clamp-body-type high-energizing single-side double-inclined-surface disc-type brake for a car and an electric car.

Now according to FIG. 1, the structure and working principle of the brake are introduced. A brake disc (3) of the brake is completely the same as the common brake disc in the prior art. A brake shoe (2) is basically the same as the common brake shoe (also known as a brake sheet). Two brake shoes (2) are clamped and mounted at the two sides of the brake disc (3), the brake disc (3) is fixed on a wheel and rotated together with the wheel. A machine body (1) is connected with a bracket (4) with a sliding way, the bracket (4) is fixed on a component of a supporting wheel. One brake shoe (2) is mounted at the left side of the machine body (1) and also slidably connected with the bracket (4), which is the same as the common brake. The other brake shoe is fixedly mounted on an energizing inclined board (5); a self-energizing inclined surface (19) on the energizing inclined board (5) is slidably connected against and driven by the self-energizing inclined surface (19) on a control inclined board (7); the another same control inclined surfaces (18) on the control inclined board (7) are rolled and connected against two control inclined surfaces (18) on a compensation board (8); the upper and lower ends of the compensation board (8) are slidably connected against the bracket (4), the other surface of the compensation board is connected with two compensation screws (15) via two steel balls (17); the two compensation screws (15) are connected with the machine body (1) via a thread way; two torsional springs (11) are connected with two compensation screws (15) and the machine body and provides a torsion to two compensation screws (15); a friction limiting shaft (10) is slidably connected with the energizing inclined board (5), the compensation board (8) and the machine body (1); a thread hole on an inclined surface shaft (14) is in a thread connection with a shaft on a motor (13); an inclined surface (20) on the inclined shaft (14) is slidably connected with the inclined surface (20) on the control inclined board (7).

The working principle of the brake is as follows: when a car drives forwards, the rotation direction of the brake disc (3) is from down to up (V direction). When the car needs to be braked, an operator steps down a brake pedal to control the rotation of a motor (13), after the motor (13) is rotated, the thread on its main shaft makes the inclined surface shaft (14) move toward the left, the inclined surface shaft (14) is slidably connected with the machine body with a key, the inclined surface (20) on the inclined surface shaft (14) pushes the control inclined board (7) and the energizing inclined board (5) to move toward the left and upwards, after the brake shoe (2) fixed on the energizing inclined board (5) contacts with the brake disc (1), the control inclined surface (18) on the control inclined board (7) further pushes the compensation board (18), and pushes the machine body (1) to move toward the right through the steel ball (17) and the compensation screw (15), the machine body (1) further pushes the other brake shoe (2) to move toward the right until the brake shoe (2) contacts with the brake disc (3); when two brake shoes (2) contact with the brake disc (3), the brake shoe (2) fixed on the energizing inclined board (5), together with the friction force (a braking force) produced by the brake disc (3), pushes the energizing inclined board (5) to move upwards or have a trend of upward movement, the energizing inclined board (5), under the action of the energizing inclined surface (19) on the control inclined board (7), increases the pressure toward the left, at the same time, the energizing inclined board (5) also increases the stress on the machine body (1) so that the other brake shoe (the brake shoe at the left) also increases the same pressure. This is the working principle of the brake that uses the energy of a vehicle during its travel. However, if the friction force (the braking force) produces a huge accumulative self-energizing action, and if the control inclined surface (18) will move downwards when the control inclined board (17) is stressed by the energizing inclined board (5) and the compensation board (8), the energizing ratio (efficiency factor) of the self-energizing brake is very small. If a retaining device is provided between the control inclined board and a control device, that is, when the motion or force from control device is input into the brake, its efficiency is relatively high, however, when the control inclined board is reversely applied on the control device, its efficiency is very low, therefore, the force of the control inclined board reversely applied at the control device is very small, therefore, the control device can use very low force and power to control the brake, so that the self-energizing disc-type brake has very high self-energizing ratio (efficiency factor). FIG. 1 has two retaining devices connected in series, one is the inclined surface (20) on the control inclined board (7) and the inclined surface (20) on the inclined surface shaft (14), and the other is the thread hole on the inclined surface shaft (14) and an outer thread on a main shaft of the motor (13). When inputting motion and force to the control inclined board (7), they have very high efficiency. However, when they rotate reversely, their efficiency is very low under the action of the friction force. Therefore, a very small control force can be used to control the brake. The energy of the vehicle during its travel can be used to energize. According to the principle, its energizing ratio (efficiency factor) can be one times-dozens of times. Therefore, the very small control force can be used to control the disc-type brake, particularly, the electronic control (EMB) of a brake system of a car can be achieved. It is many times bigger than the self-energizing ration (efficiency factor) of a drum-type brake, However, the disc-type brake in the prior art has hardly the self-energizing action.

FIG. 1 shows an automatic compensation device of the disc-type brake, which consists of the compensation board (8), the friction limiting shaft (10), the compensation screw (15) and the torsional spring (11). Such compensation way is used in other brakes, and is not the core action of the brake of the invention.

FIG. 2 a diagram of one solution that an electromagnet is used as power. When an electric pushing rod of the electromagnet (21) moves toward the left, a pin (25) on the rod (23) pushes an inclined groove rod (24) to move upwards, an inclined groove on the inclined groove rod (24) pushes the pin (25) and the inclined surface shaft (14) to move toward the left, the inclined surface shaft (14) pushes the control inclined board (7) and the energizing inclined board (5) to move toward the left and upwards, they push the brake shoe (2) to press a right surface of the brake disc (3). with the reacting force of the above parts, the machine body (1) moves toward the right, its clamp jaw pushes the brake shoe (2) at the left side of the brake disc (3) to move toward the right, finally, the brake shoe (2) presses a left surface of the brake disc (3). when two brake shoes (2) both press the surface of the brake disc (3) to brake, the brake shoe (2) mounted on the energizing inclined board (5) continues to have the trend of moving upwards under the action of brake friction force, and makes the energizing inclined board (5) have the same trend, at this time, under the action of the self-energizing inclined surface (19), they further increase the pressure, and the brake shoe (2) at the left surface of the brake disc (3) also increases the same pressure via the machine body (1) to realize the self-energizing. According to the present solution, three groups of the retaining devices, consisting of the inclined groove on the inclined surface (20) and the inclined groove rod (24), the pin (25), the inclined surface shaft (14) and the rod (23), is provided. The reverse efficiency of each group can be designed to be not very low, so that they can reliably return and release the braking when the braking is released, however, the product of the reverse efficiency of the three groups is very low, therefore, the self-energizing ratio (efficiency factor) of the brake can be very high, the control force (or the power) controlling the brake can be very low, thereby very easily controlling the brake and greatly expanding the control way of the brake.

FIG. 2 shows that the structure of the automatic compensation device of the brake is substantially the same as that of the automatic compensation device of the disc-type brake of a truck and a passage bus. The brake is powered by the electromagnet, a gear belt is provided on the inclined groove rod (24) of the brake, the gear belt drives a limiting overrunning clutch (22) mounted on the screw (15), when the braking is carried out, the gear belt does not firstly drive the screw (15), but drives the screw (15) to rotate to carry out the compensation after a certain gap is eliminated, after the screw (15) cannot be rotated, the overrunning clutch (22) has excessive power, hence slip and cannot drive the screw (15) to rotate, but the brake also can continue increase the braking force to brake. When the inclined groove rod (24) returns, the limiting overrunning clutch (22) overruns, and cannot drives the screw (15) to rotate backwards. The brake carries out automatic compensation for one times. The compensation is not carried out for each times, only when the gap between the brake shoe (2) and the brake disc (3) is big enough, the compensation is carried out.

The control device of the brake can also be driven by a hydraulic power and a pneumatic power besides be driven by an electric power and a man power. Almost all devices that can output a motion and a force can be taken as the control device.

With respect to a working surface of the brake disc (3), generally, the angle of a working inclined surface (19) of the energizing inclined board (5) is smaller than that of the control inclined board (7). At this time, if the retaining device is provided again, a miracle appears, such brake has the features of sound separation with a big working angle and relative small dragging resistance after separation, and the advantage of big energizing with the small working angle. The brake combines the advantages of two angles but does not have the disadvantages of the two angles.

The brake also compensate the deformation produced when the machine body (1) is braked, as the brake can compensate the deformation of the machine body (1), this can reduce a working stroke of the control device. This can be a miracle brake. Under the condition that a operation stroke and a working pressure are not increased, the energizing of the brake can be very big. Under the condition of the same operation stroke, the brake of the invention can produce the braking force which is several times-dozens of times bigger than the braking force of the disc-type brake or even higher.

The single-side double-inclined-surface disc-type brake can be provided with an automatic compensation mechanism which can have many kinds. When the needed braking force is relatively small, the automatic compensation mechanism cannot be provided; however, when the needed braking force is big or very big, the automatic compensation mechanism can be provided in the brake. The automatic compensation screw can also be driven by other parts.

In addition, the brake can also use the automatic compensation mechanism which is commonly used in the disc-type brake in the truck in the prior art, and also have the compensation screw, the power of the brake comes from a rocker arm, the rocker arm drives a torsional-limit non-step square-shaped torsional-spring-type overrunning clutch, and then drives the screw, this compensation way is commonly used in a pneumatic disc-type brake.

In addition, it is difficult to provide a parking brake in the common disc-type brake and takes much cost. However, it is very easy to additionally provide the parking brake in the brake of the invention, and substantially does not increase cost, this is an obvious advantage. Its working principle is as follows: one steel wire rope of a hand brake is directly provided on the energizing inclined board (5), when the hand brake is pulled, the hand brake pulls the steel wire rope and pulls the energizing inclined board (5) to move upwards, under the wedge-caulking action of the energizing inclined board (5) and the control inclined board (7), two brake sheets (2) clamp the brake disc (3) to carry out parking and emergent braking. Of course, other ways can also be used to carry out parking and braking.

To quickly eliminate the gap, and to adapt to the needs of the braking, several working inclined surfaces of the brake can be a curved surface, such as a circular arc surface, a hyperbolic surface, a parabolic surface, etc. Each curved surface can also consist of several inclined surfaces or several curved surfaces or the combination thereof.

To improve the efficiency of the brake, and to increase the braking force and conveniently response, a rolling body, preferably a rolling needle or a cylindrical roller, can be mounted between the main working surfaces or between the inclined surfaces.

The present invention can be used for a car, a truck, a motorcycle, a bicycle, an elevator and other machines in traffic and transportation fields which need brake. The brake of the invention is very easily controlled and has very big braking force. Particularly, with the brake of the invention, a new generation of a car brake system (EMB) which is safer can be developed. The brake can completely be controlled electrically and has higher security but low cost. It is an epoch-making brake. 

1. A disc-type brake, consisting of a part and a component which consist of a brake disc, a machine body, a brake shoe, a frame, a drive device and a compensation device, wherein the brake shoe at one side of the brake disc is mounted on an energizing inclined board; an inclined surface on the energizing inclined board is connected against and driven by an inclined surface on a control inclined board; the other inclined surface on the control inclined board is connected against an inclined surface on a compensation board or an inclined surface on the machine body; the control inclined board is also connected against or connected with a retaining device; the retaining device is connected with a control device.
 2. The brake according to claim 1, wherein: the retaining device consists of a structure, a mechanism, a device, a part and a component which have high efficiency during their forward transmission while have low efficiency during their backward transmission; the retaining device can be in one group or a plurality of groups; the control device can consist of a handle, a hydraulic system, an electrical system, a motor and a pneumatic system.
 3. The brake according to claim 2, wherein: the retaining device preferably consists of a mechanism, a structure, a device, a part, and a component which consist of a thread, the inclined surface, a cam, a turbine and a vortex rod, a connecting rod and a wedge.
 4. The brake according to claim 1, wherein: the energizing inclined board, the control inclined board and a working curved surface connected against a part and a component can consist of the inclined surface, an arc surface, a hyperbolic surface and a parabolic surface, can also consist of several sections of the inclined surfaces and the curved surfaces, can also consist of the above inclined surfaces and the above curved surfaces which are combined, and can also consist of the curved surface designed according to requirements.
 5. The brake according to claim 4, wherein: a rolling body, preferably a rolling needle, a cylindrical roller or a steel ball, can also be mounted between the connecting positions of the inclined board, the control inclined board and the main working curved surface connected against the part. 